Manufacturers and their suppliers take data confidentiality and security more seriously as breaches and financial losses continue to climb when it comes to duty of care. Building a strategy and roadmap for data-based decisions will be imperative for continuous improvement.
Early in the process, there are often comments or concerns about cybersecurity that happen to be myths or misconceptions. Much like the tooth fairy, seeing and interpreting information influences how we feel and respond to it. Misinterpretation helps explain why inaccurate conclusions and misconceptions about cybersecurity are common within supply chains. In this article, our goal is to evaluate 15 of the top cybersecurity misconceptions and myths that affect manufacturers and the supply chain.
Myth #1: Our manufacturing business is too small to be targeted by criminal hackers.
Hackers will take any opportunity presented when it comes to cyber-attacks, regardless of the business size. Surprisingly enough, hackers and cyber criminals are increasing their attacks on small and mid-market businesses, which often lack the resources for sophisticated security infrastructure and pose less risk to the criminal enterprises of being compromised. Large enterprise businesses typically have an internal security team and invest six figures annually in software and hardware to detect and thwart potential attacks.
An article from HG Legal Resources states: “Hackers will often use cyber-attacks on smaller businesses because there is less sophistication in the cybersecurity of the company and computer system along with greater ease for hackers to take information or financial resources.” Hackers and cyber criminals take advantage of this misconception, as many small and mid-sized manufacturers do not utilize effective cybersecurity policies and controls and lack the needed resources. They, in turn, become viable targets for cybersecurity attacks.
According to a 2018 report collaborated by Keeper Security Inc. and Ponemon Institute, only 28% of the companies involved with the study were able to rate their stance on mitigating threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks as “highly effective.” While smaller manufacturers don’t have the same resources as larger manufacturing businesses, smaller manufacturing companies should expect the same threats that larger companies experience daily. Many small manufacturers are part of the supply chain for more prominent manufacturers.
Myth #2: We haven’t had a breach yet, so we are safe.
We haven’t had a breach yet, so we are safe is a dangerous mindset for manufacturers, as this often shows that leadership takes a reactive “wait and see” approach when it comes to cybersecurity. As the name implies, reactive cybersecurity is the strategy used to react to security incidents after they happen.
Stakeholders assume that they will quickly recover from unverified backups and continue manufacturing and shipping quality products on schedule with a reactive cybersecurity mindset. With a reactive approach, manufacturers are more likely to suffer from catastrophic business disruption, resulting in significant financial losses, and some cases closing the doors to the business and the family legacy.
According to a 2019 Fortinet article, 67% of small businesses experienced a cyberattack in 2018, and these breaches had forced 60% percent of small businesses to close within 6 months after the attack. If a company can recover from a cyberattack, they experience a loss of reputation due to the attack. According to Radware’s 2018-2019 Global Application and Network Security Report, the top impacts of a cyberattack were operational/productivity loss and negative customer experience. While the loss of operation and productivity is common following a cyberattack, a negative customer experience is often unforeseen.
Following a cyberattack, manufacturers experience a decline in the trust of their current customers and shareholders. This loss of confidence from customers and shareholders can result in lost customer connections, declining revenue, and the acquisition of future customers and shareholders.
Ultimately, well-managed manufacturers will take a proactive approach to cybersecurity. A proactive cybersecurity approach will allow manufacturers to anticipate, identify, and remediate vulnerabilities that could lead to probable loss events. When comparing reactive and proactive ideologies for cybersecurity, manufacturers find a better strategy to take a proactive approach.
Anti-virus software is only one facet of a practical cybersecurity framework.Myth #3: Our anti-virus software and the firewall will keep us safe.
Using both a firewall and anti-virus/malware service is a great preventative action that manufacturers can take to prevent or mitigate cyber-attacks. However, many manufacturers have the “set and forget” mindset with firewalls and anti-virus/malware programs, leaving themselves vulnerable to advanced cyber-attacks. An article from Malwarebytes Labs explains why being reliant on an anti-virus service to protect your business is no longer adequate for three reasons.
1. The first reason why relying on anti-virus is not enough to protect your business is the change in the nature of attacks. In many cases, malware and viruses are accidentally downloaded through attachments in emails or programs from the Internet. These tactics have changed as the introduction of drive-by downloads allows malicious code to infect a computer without the user knowingly downloading anything. These attacks can enable malicious attackers to compromise your devices while not alerting the anti-virus software.
2. The second reason why relying on anti-virus solutions alone is ineffective is because of the effectiveness of stopping and preventing new threats. Anti-virus solutions use either the digital signature or known behavior of known malware threats. As new malware threats and variations are created and discovered, anti-virus solutions will require time to implement detection methods, which results in many devices compromised by malware utilizing zero-day exploits.
3. The final reason anti-virus applications should be excluded as stand-alone solutions are the vast availability of exploits. Instead of relying on downloading files and programs to infect a machine initially, hackers can use publicly available exploits to interact with devices that have vulnerable operating systems or processes. Some anti-virus software solutions offer anti-exploit detection as a security suite option but are often not included in the anti-virus product itself.
Companies should use anti-virus solutions with other security products to create a layered security plan, also known as defense in depth. Implementing protection in depth includes using multiple technologies that work together to identify, prevent, and warn manufacturers of current threats and attacks. A defense-in-depth cybersecurity approach should include an anti-virus/malware solution, a properly configured firewall, and an intrusion detection and prevention system.
Additionally, firewalls alone do not ensure that a manufacturer’s network is safe from cyber criminals. While implementing a firewall dramatically decreases the possibility of external attacks compromising your system, improperly configured firewalls will still allow compromised devices to communicate to attackers outside the network.
Primarily, firewalls are configured to filter what incoming traffic is allowed into the system. However, when configured in this manner, internally compromised machines may be permitted to exfiltrate data without creating vital logs or producing alerts that could help you stop the attack.
For example, an employee opens an email containing a malicious attachment, compromising their machine. While usually, this employee’s device couldn’t be attacked directly by a hacker outside of the network because of the firewall, the infected device can now communicate with the hacker’s server because there are no rules for outbound traffic. Files from the employee’s computer are pulled out of the network without raising alarms. The firewall configuration prevents specific traffic from entering the system and allows all traffic to leave the network.
An article from The Security Skeptic provides insight into some of the firewall best practices for egress traffic filtering. The first best practice outlined in the article is to create an egress traffic enforcement policy. Like an acceptable use policy, the egress traffic enforcement policy identifies what devices access the Internet and what services and protocols should be allowed to communicate outside the manufacturers’ network.
The role of creating an egress traffic enforcement policy is a document that defines what machines have access to the Internet, what protocols are allowed for data leaving the network, and what ports are allowed during external network communication.
The second firewall best practice given from the article is to execute and enforce the policy by configuring the firewall rules that follow the egress traffic enforcement policy. A simple method of implementing this policy is to implement a DENY All policy, then edit the policy to allow services, devices, and protocols to access the Internet in line with what is permitted with the egress enforcement policy.
These two best practices can help manufacturers not only protect the devices on their network from external attacks but prevent potentially compromised machines from allowing data exfiltration to occur.
Myth #4: We outsource our security to a third party, so they are responsible.
Having a dedicated third-party cybersecurity provider can be a great option. Many business owners do not have the extensive resources to require an in-house IT security team. However, using a Managed Service Provider (MSP) offers attackers a new vector to access your network and data.
In 2019 and 2020, Beazley Breach Response Services recorded an increase in reported attacks by policyholders whose systems are breached via cyber attacks against their IT-managed service providers. In some cases, these attacks stopped the operations of hundreds of customers downstream from the IT provider.
In an article from SmarterMSP, nine MSPs were targeted in cybersecurity attacks during 2018. According to Datto’s Global State of the Channel Ransomware Report, “4 in 5 MSPs agree that ransomware attacks are increasingly targeting their businesses.” If an attack against an MSP is successful, attackers can use trusted software to monitor and interact with the devices across multiple networks to launch attacks.
The attack in these situations critically impacted both the MSP and the businesses. The companies affected will experience unplanned disruption and loss of productivity. Concurrently, the MSP has to deal with the loss of reputation and may not cover the cost of damages for all of the customers affected.
A 2019 article from MSSP Alert described how an MSP provider fell victim to a cybersecurity attack, resulting in the MSP paying over $150,000 in bitcoin to purchase the decryption keys for their clients. If you decide to use an MSP to help implement and monitor cybersecurity, remember that the MSP also becomes another point where hackers can access your systems. Validate how your MSP enforces security for your business and how they adhere to security standards within their own business.
Myth #5: We are not a billion-dollar company, so we do not need to follow a recognized framework.
While your company may not have yet attained the benchmark to be considered a billion-dollar company, having a framework to reference can help any manufacturer prioritize essential cybersecurity needs. In many cases, manufacturers use these guidelines to follow federal compliance requirements needed based on whom they serve. Frameworks are beneficial for manufacturers of all sizes for two reasons.
First, frameworks help provide a foundation for identifying and addressing security issues within an organization. For example, frameworks such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework open the concept of using a framework by focusing on three components: the framework, the Core, Implementation Tiers, and Profiles.
- The NIST Framework Core helps manufacturers and suppliers achieve the cybersecurity outcomes they desire while providing reference areas during the need for review.
- The NIST Implementation Tiers support by giving context to how an organization should view cyber-related risk and the processes in place to manage it.
- The NIST Framework Profiles used align-items identified in the NIST Core to the requirements, risk tolerance, and resources the business or manufacturer specified.
Through the use of frameworks such as the one provided by NIST, manufacturers can continually evolve and monitor their cybersecurity progress based on the needs and resources available while effectively cataloging what is currently in place in the case of future review.
Frameworks are also helpful in the means of helping manufacturers meet regulations. Manufacturers who wish to work with federal organizations, such as the DOD, must implement and follow specific framework requirements. For example, if a manufacturer wishes to perform DOD work, they may be required to become DFARS compliant. DFARS compliance requires that companies and manufacturers follow NIST SP 800-171 as a guideline or framework to protect Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).
Suppose a manufacturer is found during an audit not to be DFARS compliant. In that case, the company can face fines and penalties, including termination of their contract and suspension or debarment from future work with the DOD. In September 2020, new compliance requirements will affect Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) for DOD contractors.
Myth #6: Improving our security will hurt our productivity.
A central myth common with manufacturers is that improving cybersecurity will affect their productivity. Cybersecurity can, at some points, cause strain on productivity, such as requiring massive changes to corporate culture, and information access can hinder operational processes needed for day-to-day operations. However, if your business relaxes its stance against cyber risks, you increase the likelihood of becoming a cyber attack victim and suffering financial losses.
As a member of the leadership team, you have to ask yourself what you should do and whether you should value productivity over data security. One method that can help manufacturers balance information security and productivity is Business Process Management (BPM).
OutSystems define business process management as “the practice of designing, executing, monitoring and optimizing business processes.”. It is crucial that when manufacturers and business owners model the business processes needed on a day-to-day basis, the procedures follow the security policy that is in place.
Modeling the necessary business processes through the established security policy allows process managers to understand the limitations of this process while also setting expectations for maximizing those processes securely.
Maintaining visibility over your backups is essential to the security and integrity of your business-critical data.Myth #7: We pay for backup, so we’re covered.
While paying someone to backup your data is a step in the right direction, this by no means guarantees you that they can recover your data after an incident occurs. In many cases, manufacturers discover that their data is not backed up or that the data is not recoverable.
The inability to restore is causing business disruption and financial losses for those manufacturers who never verify the service they are paying for each month. Effective backup policies include regular test restores to validate functionality and dispel hearsay.
During a ransomware attack, having a recent backup to recover from is the best method to recover operations quickly. However, new ransomware strands target not only machines on the local networks but also local backup services. An article from Security Intelligence revealed that attackers have now incorporated encrypting local Network Attached Storage devices in their ransomware attacks. Often, NAS devices are used as an onsite backup solution and are also used to allow shared access to information needed for day-to-day operations amongst multiple users on a network.
Once attackers can identify these NAS devices on the network, vulnerabilities for the NAS devices are included in the ransomware attack to ensure the backup data is also affected. In these cases, manufacturers can either pay the ransom and hope that the key will decrypt their data or rebuild the company from salvaged data that was not affected by the ransomware attack. This reason alone is why relying on backups alone is not a sound strategy to use.
Another reason why relying solely on backups is not recommended is that many companies that utilize backups don’t test if their backups are useful. Without regular backup testing, you may not know if your backups are sufficient enough to recover from in the event that you need to restore from backups.
A 2016 article from Pivotal IT provided a shocking statistic that 34% of companies fail to test their tape backups, and of those that do, 77% have found tape backup failures. Tape backups are the only data protection system still used today with a 100% guarantee that failure to protect data will occur.
In the case of restoring data from backups that are not validated, manufacturers and business owners often find errors within the backup system. It is also common to discover that only a portion of data is backed up or discovered when trying to restore data to their devices. It is essential to regularly test your backups to identify and remediate problems in a controlled test before finding the issues you need to restore from backups.
Myth #8: Cybercriminal enterprises target only the healthcare and banking industries.
While cyber-attacks against the healthcare and banking industries are common, many other industries are targeted by cybercriminal organization attacks. According to the 2019 X-Force Threat Intelligence Index from IBM, the top ten most frequently targeted industries in 2018 included Finance and Insurance, Transportation, Professional Services, Retail, Manufacturing, Media, Government, Healthcare, Education, and Energy.
The Financial and Insurance industry had the most cybersecurity attacks, having the highest percentage of attacks (19%) out of the ten industries in 2018. The manufacturing industry was the 5th most attacked industry in 2018, having experienced 10% of the total cybersecurity attacks and incidents in 2018. Ironically, the healthcare industry was ranked the 8th top industry to experience cybersecurity attacks and incidents in 2018. Healthcare experienced 6% of the total attacks and tied with the Education and Energy industries.
Myth #9: Cybersecurity is too expensive.
While many manufacturers within the supply chain may think that cybersecurity can become an expensive purchase, there are scalable alternatives that can fit within your budget. Instead of looking strictly at the cost of implementing cybersecurity tools for their business, manufacturers and small business owners should also consider the cost of incidents and data breaches allowed from not implementing cybersecurity.
First, manufacturers that do not implement any form of cyber security are at risk of losing sensitive proprietary information needed for day-to-day operations and goods production. Manufacturers who do not invest in cybersecurity for their organization can suffer from data loss or data exfiltration, resulting in rival companies gaining access to proprietary data invaluable to your business.
Second, manufacturers and small business owners should also consider the cost of fines in data breaches involving sensitive information. According to the 2019 Cost of Data breach report from IBM, the average total cost for an organization with less than 500 employees was $2.74 million per incident.
When comparing the investment of implementing a stance on cybersecurity and not taking a leadership view against cyber-attacks, the expenses associated with fines and recovery from a cyber incident far outweigh the investment of implementing cybersecurity for your business.
Myth #10: Our cyber liability policy will cover our losses.
Having a cyber liability policy is an excellent method to cover the various costs encountered after experiencing a cybersecurity incident. Cyber liability policies are similar to insurance policies, in the case that certain events occur, the insured policyholder would receive compensation to cover the incurred expenses.
However, manufacturers should be cautious of what type of cyber liability insurance they are purchasing and the coverage in each policy. For example, Cyber security insurance covers first-party damage to the insurer, including loss or damage to electronic data, loss of income, cyber extortion, notification costs for affected individuals, and cost of damage to your organization’s reputation.
Cyber liability insurance covers third-party liability costs or costs associated with claims made by a third party against your business. Items covered by cyber liability insurance can include claims of security negligence, coverage against copyright infringement, invasion of privacy, and costs incurred for fines due to the involvement of regulated sensitive data. When considering your cyber liability policy, make sure that you understand what is and what is excluded in the policy you choose.
Manufacturers should also understand what is not covered in their cyber liability policy. In some cases, while a manufacturer or supplier may have a cyber liability policy, the provider can deny your claim.
According to an article from Hewlett Packard Enterprise, the insuring party “may reject claims from covered cybersecurity clients because of poor security practices.” Cyber security insurance providers may deny coverage for damages caused by social engineering attacks, cover paying for ransomware attacks, and the damages caused by ransomware.
You must understand that an insurer can deny your claim based on the type of attack you experience and the current precautions and preventative measures your company has taken to protect your business from cyber attacks.
Myth #11: We don’t store any information that would make us a target.
Manufacturers, producers, and their suppliers are targets of cyber attacks, even if the organization may think that the data they process and store does not have value. This mindset of believing that this will never happen to us leads to decisions that almost guarantee that it will. The goal of ransomware attacks is not to solely steal sensitive files from the victim organization but also to cause an interruption to a manufactures’ productivity that will force the manufacturer to pay for access to their systems.
Additionally, hackers and cyber criminals may target a manufacturer for their intellectual property. In these cases, hackers and cyber criminal organizations can sell intellectual property to foreign competitors for profit. From 2006 and 2018, a Chinese hacker group named APT10 carried out multiple cyber attacks against numerous American companies and government agencies to steal intellectual property and confidential business data. Given an opportunity, hackers and cyber criminals will continue to take advantage of potential vulnerabilities.
Human error can lead to significant cybersecurity incidents, data breaches, and fraud.Myth #12: External attackers are the only threat to our business.
While many cyber attacks come from external attackers, some threats exist within manufacturers’ organizations. Virtru defines insider threats as “malicious insiders willfully stealing, damaging or exposing internal data or systems, but employees motivated by grievances or profit are only one small part of the total threat.”
Insider threats can also consist of previous employees who have knowledge or access to an organization’s internal processes. An insider threat is a serious security concern, as attacks are carried out without much difficulty. Insider threats can easily access sensitive information due to the lax restrictions of company data access. Netwrix provides a list of best practices that can help minimize the risk of insider threats.
1. Perform enterprise-wide risk assessments.
2. Document and consistently enforce policies and controls.
3. Establish physical security in your work environment.
4. Implement security software and appliances.
5. Implement strict password and account management policies and practices.
6. Monitor and control remote access from all endpoints, including mobile devices.
7. Harden network perimeter.
8. Enable surveillance.
9. Enforce separations of duties and least privilege.
10. Recycle your old hardware and documentation properly.
11. Use a log correlation engine or security information and event management system (SIEM) to log, monitor, and audit employee actions.
12. Implement secure backup, archiving, and recovery processes.
13. Identify risky actors and respond promptly to suspicious behavior.
14. Define explicit security agreements for any cloud services, especially access restriction and monitoring capabilities.
15. Develop a comprehensive employee termination procedure.
16. Include insider threat awareness training for all employees.
Myth #13: Cybersecurity is an IT issue.
If your organization operates with only paper and doesn’t use the Internet, we might agree with you. The unplugged approach became inefficient 25 years ago. That is why your business is so dependent upon applications and systems. These IT systems are vital for day-to-day operations, including producing and shipping quality products accurately and on time.
When the leadership team does not define acceptable financial loss levels, each person is left to interpret what that means. The open interpretation would be similar to allowing each person in the factory to determine quality or safety. Bad things will happen to the business when an acceptable risk is not defined.
Cyber risk is no different and places the duty of care on the leadership team. Cybersecurity impacts all business units, departments, and team members. Once information is digitized, your business relies on accuracy, privacy, and availability to be protected. Cybersecurity requirements are fundamental to the supply chain, data center, branch office, desktop, and mobile devices.
Myth #14: Protecting ourselves within the supply chain is good enough.
A supply chain is a network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific product to the final buyer. We can likely agree that all manufacturers have customers and suppliers that exchange information.
Many supply chain participants are unaware of the potential risks that affect their connected supply chains. Supply chains are often considered the weakest link for manufacturers and their suppliers, as a relationship or connection to another company can impact your business’s security. Supply chain cyber attacks often target the third-party vendors and suppliers of a targeted company, as each company within a supply chain often adheres to its standards, policies, and regulations.
Successful attacks commonly originate within the subsidiaries of a larger business, vendors that work with the manufacturer or producer, and external service providers such as accounting firms or data analytics specialists. These third-party partners are often the target of supply chain attacks due to the type of information that the partner has with the manufacturer or producer or the internal access that the third-party partner has to its network and systems.
In addition to this, CSO Online reported that “misuse or unauthorized sharing of confidential data by third parties was the second-biggest security worry for 2019 among IT professionals with 64 percent of the tally.”. Without proper management of the information, a third party has. What the third party does with that information, the risk of a data breach due to the connection between the manufacturer and the supply chain members can increase substantially.
The Resilience360 Annual Risk Report 2020 indicated that “Most companies are not adequately prepared to foresee or manage supply chain disruptions.” Research shows “companies with limited network visibility to dynamic risks experience significant challenges in planning and execution, resulting in high economic and reputational cost.”
According to Business Wire, there are five best practices that manufacturers and business owners can use to help reduce the chances of a third-party data breach from occurring:
1. To help minimize the chances of third-party data breaches, evaluate the security and privacy practices of all third-party providers. Evaluating the security and privacy practices should also include performing and evaluating the results from regular audits. Conducting and assessing these audits helps the third-party provider improve their security and help you better understand what data should and shouldn’t be trusted by the third party.
2. The next best practice is to create an inventory of what data is shared or provided to third-party providers and vendors. Having a list of which third-party entities you work with and providing information can help the manufacturer or business owner where a breach has occurred and understand what data is at risk. Manufacturers and business owners should also keep an inventory of any other entities that the third-party shares information with and shared data.
3. The third best practice that can help minimize the possibility of a third-party data breach is to review third-party management policies and programs. This includes conducting a review of these policies and programs if any policies change or if any new systems or technologies are implemented by the third party. As new technologies are introduced to various supply chain sections, misconfigurations can allow cyber criminals new opportunities to affect everyone in the supply chain.
4. Another best practice to minimize the possibility of a third-party data breach is to require third-party businesses to notify you when they share data with another company. This transparency can help you keep track of what parties have access to sensitive information and can also help in identifying which party is at fault in the case that a data breach should occur.
5. The final best practice that you can use to help minimize third-party data breach occurrences is to involve senior leadership and the board of directors in third-party risk management programs. Engaging the senior leader and those in charge of the businesses involved in third-party entities can help provide more information about the risks associated with third-party involvement and increase the budget given to address these risks.
Myth #15: There are no reliable resources to help us get started.
The desire to grow is requiring manufacturers to reevaluate how they operate their business. Industry 4.0 initiatives such as factory floor automation, IoT, 5G connectivity, and data analytics require investments. Other growth initiatives could include pursuing new contracts with the Department of Defense (DoD), which will require investments related to the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC).
Industry 4.0 initiatives have created confusion, misinformation, and poor recommendations communicated to executives and leadership team members. Developing a better understanding of your needs and where to begin focusing resources does not require a bank loan, although many companies are trying to sell you big-ticket systems.
Business owners lament the proposals they receive to begin securing their data. Some companies require a $100,000 guarantee before they even show up to talk with you. These technology companies are leveraging your lack of understanding and manipulating the unknown to capitalize on your desire to grow and protect your business.
What is more embarrassing, getting taken to the cleaners by an IT company or becoming a victim to criminals? Both require you to squander capital, but you should know that you have the freedom of choice.
In Summary
Because of these cybersecurity myths and misconceptions, many manufacturers and their supply chains are vulnerable to attacks from hackers and criminal organizations. If you think that your business’s security is affected by any of these myths, we can help with steps to prevent business and supply chain disruption.
As a proud supporter of American companies, Certitude Security® is working diligently to inform leaders and facilitate essential asset protection priorities for manufacturers and supply chains throughout the United States.
Problem discussions can be a defining moment in your career. If you are interested in value creation, learn about SPOT-Beam™ by Certitude Security®. We look forward to helping you and your business succeed!